Ubuntu 20.04: How to Extend Partition (For Noobs)

https://forum.cloudron.io/topic/6086/ubuntu-20-04-how-to-extend-partition-for-noobs/2 

 Our Ubuntu 20 is installed on Hyper-V. First, let’s check the size of the file system by running df -h (all commands are executed as root): 

 # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

tmpfs 394M 1,4M 392M 1% /run

/dev/sda3 24G 7,4G 16G 33% /

tmpfs 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock

tmpfs 4,0M 0 4,0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 512M 7,8M 505M 2% /boot/efi

tmpfs 394M 144K 394M 1% /run/user/1000

 

 Our system partition, mounted in /, is 24 GB in size. 

 Let’s see the output fdisk -l: 

 # fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 25 GiB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors

Disk model: Virtual Disk

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4

Device Start End Sectors Size Type

/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot

/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System

/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem

 

 In this example, we have 1 disk /dev/sda with a size of 25 gigabytes, which is divided into 3 logical ones: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3 with the Linux filesystem type – we are interested in it. 

 Increasing disk size 

 In a virtualization environment, we increase the size of the hard disk of our virtual machine. Most likely, your virtualization system will ask you to turn off the VM first. I increased the disk to 30 gigabytes, start the machine: 

 #fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Disk model: Virtual Disk

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4

Device Start End Sectors Size Type

/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot

/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System

/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem

 

 Ubuntu 20 extend partition Attention! Before starting work on expanding the system partition, be sure to make a backup copy of your data! 

 After increasing the size of the disk, you need to increase the system partition itself. Let’s execute fdisk /dev/sda, where /dev/sda is the label of our disk (Disk /dev/sda): 

 # fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help):

 

 We enter p to look at the list of partitions: 

 Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Disk model: Virtual Disk

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: F5F02D9D-060D-422F-BA27-1981A6CA23F4

Device Start End Sectors Size Type

/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot

/dev/sda2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System

/dev/sda3 1054720 52426751 51372032 24.5G Linux filesystem

 

 To expand a partition, you must first delete information about it. To do this, enter d and specify the partition (3 for /dev/sda3): 

 Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Partition 3 has been deleted.

 

 In this case, only the record about the partition is deleted, the data itself remains on the disk! 

 Enter n – creating a new partition 

 Command (m for help): n

 

 Next, we indicate the number of the partition: 

 Partition number (3-128, default 3):3

 

 Next, the starting and ending sectors are indicated. Be sure to check that they match the hyphenated values. This way we use all the unallocated space: 

 First sector (1054720-62914526, default 1054720): 1054720

Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1054720-62914526, default 62914526): 62914526

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 29.5 GiB.

 

 As you can see, a 29.5 gigabyte partition was created with the Linux filesystem type. 

 It will also ask if we want to delete the current filesystem type. We refuse: 

 Partition #3 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N

 

 It remains only to save the partition table: 

 Command (m for help): w

 

 Reboot the virtual machine: 

 # reboot

 

 Now we will use the resize2fs utility (for ext4) to increase the size of the filesystem: 

 # resize2fs /dev/sda3

resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)

open: Permission denied while opening /dev/sda3

n0mit@n0mit-vm:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda3

resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)

Filesystem at /dev/sda3 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4

The filesystem on /dev/sda3 is now 7732475 (4k) blocks long.

 

 Checking the result: 

 # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

tmpfs 394M 1.4M 392M 1% /run

/dev/sda3 29G 7.4G 21G 27% /

tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock

tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2 512M 7.8M 505M 2% /boot/efi

tmpfs 394M 84K 394M 1% /run/user/126

tmpfs 394M 72K 394M 1% /run/user/1000

 

 As you can see in Ubuntu 20 extend artition is not such a difficult task.